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  • Analysis of a Speech communication, History of Public Speaking

The Gettysburg Address: An Analysis

  • 1:18 am
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On 19 November, we commemorate the ceremony of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address in 1863.

In one of the kickoff posts on this web log, I compared Lincoln's two-minute address with the two-hour oration past Edward Everett on the aforementioned occasion. Today, people regard the former as one of the near famous speeches in American history; the latter largely forgotten. Indeed, Everett himself recognized the genius of Lincoln's speech in a note that he sent to the President before long after the event:

"I should be glad, if I could flatter myself that I came as almost to the central thought of the occasion, in two hours, every bit you did in ii minutes."

In a speech of only 10 sentences and 272 words, Lincoln struck a chord that would resonate through time. Why is this short speech so memorable?

The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln

Starting time, it is of import to call up the context. America was in the midst of a bloody civil war. Union troops had but recently defeated Confederate troops at the Battle of Gettysburg. Information technology was a the turning point in the war. The stated purpose of Lincoln's voice communication was to dedicate a plot of state that would get Soldier's National Cemetery. Nonetheless, Lincoln realized that he also had to inspire the people to continue the fight.

Below is the text of the Gettysburg Address, interspersed with my thoughts on what made it so memorable.

Four score and seven years agone our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

  • "4 score and seven" is much more than poetic, much more elegant, much more noble than "Eighty-seven". The United States had won its freedom from Great britain 87 years earlier, embarking on the "Keen Experiment".
  • Lincoln reminds the audition of the founding principles of the land: freedom and equality. In and so doing, he sets up his side by side sentence perfectly.

At present we are engaged in a great civil state of war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, and then conceived and and then defended, can long endure.

  • Hither, Lincoln signals the challenge: the nation is under attack.
  • He extends the significance of the fight across the borders of the U.s.. It is a question of whether any nation founded on the same principles could survive. Thus does the state of war — and the importance of winning it — take on an even greater significance.

We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come up to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. Information technology is birthday fitting and proper that we should practice this.

  • Lincoln turns to recognize those who have fallen for their country.
  • He uses contrast effectively. By stating "those who heregave their lives that this nation mightlive" Lincoln makes what is perhaps the ultimate contrast: life vs decease. Contrast is compelling. Information technology creates interest. Communicating an idea juxtaposed with its polar opposite creates energy. Moving back and forth between the contradictory poles encourages total engagement from the audience."
  • He uses consonance — the repetition of the same consonant in short succession — through words with the letter "f": battlefield; field; final; for; fitting.

But, in a larger sense, we can non dedicate, we can not consecrate, we tin can not hallow this ground.

  • Detect the use of a "tricolon": "can not dedicate … can not consecrate … tin not hallow". A tricolon is a powerful public speaking technique that can add together power to your words and make them memorable.
  • Say the sentence out loud and hear the powerful cadence and rhythm.

The dauntless men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far to a higher place our poor power to add together or detract.

  • This judgement is full of solemn respect for those who fought. It is an eloquent manner of saying that their actions speak louder than Lincoln'south words.
  • There is an alliteration: "poor power".

The earth will little annotation, nor long remember what we say here, only information technology can never forget what they did hither.

  • In that location is a double contrast in this sentence: "The earth will little notation, nor longremember what wesay here" / "simply it can neverforget what theydid here."
  • Note the appeal to something larger. It is not the Us that will never forget, but the entire world.
  • Ironically, Lincoln was incorrect on this indicate. Not only do we call back his words to this day, nosotros will proceed to recollect them in the future.

Information technology is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated hither to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far and then nobly avant-garde. It is rather for us to be here defended to the great task remaining before united states of america — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall non have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new nativity of freedom — and that regime of the people, by the people, for the people, shall non perish from the world.

  • The final two judgement of the address audio a call to action, a resolve to complete "the unfinished piece of work".
  • They are full of inspirational words such every bit "dedicated", "nobly", "slap-up", "honored", "devotion", "highly resolve", "God", "birth" and "liberty".
  • There are a couple of contrasts here: "theliving" with "the honoredexpressionless"; and "these deadshall not have died in vain" with "this nation …shall have a new birth of freedom".
  • Earlier, Lincoln said that, in a sense, they could not dedicate the basis. Here, he tells the audience to dedicate themselves to "the unfinished piece of work" and "the great task remaining before united states of america".
  • He finishes with his famous tricolon: "of the people, by the people, for the people".

In an excellent analysis of the Gettysburg Address, Nick Morgan offers an interesting perspective on Lincoln'southward repetition of one word throughout the accost:

And cached in the biblical phrasing there's a further device that works unconsciously on the audience, and the reader, to weave some incantatory magic.  I've discussed this spoken language many times with students, with clients, and with colleagues, and I e'er enquire them what simple piffling word is repeated well-nigh unusually in the spoken language.  No one ever spots it. …

When they await, people discover that the word 'we' is repeated 10 times.  But that's not unusual, or surprising, given that Lincoln was trying to rally the nation.  The speech was all nigh 'we'.  No, what is unusual is the repetition of the word 'here'. …

Eight times in 250 words — two minutes — Lincoln invokes the place — the hallowed ground of Gettysburg — by repeating the discussion 'hither'.  Equally a outcome, he weaves some kind of spell on listeners, then and afterward, that is not consciously noticed, simply unconsciously seems to accept a powerful event.

Repetition is an essential attribute of great public speaking.  The pull a fast one on is knowing what and how to repeat.  Have a lesson from Lincoln.  Sometimes its the little words that have the about ability.

Nosotros can larn a lot about public speaking by studying the great speeches of history. The Gettysburg Accost is ane of the greats. Lincoln took his audience on a journey. Information technology began with the founding of America and ended at a crossroads. He wanted to make sure that Americans chose the correct path. And he did.

We might never deliver a speech or presentation that becomes equally famous as the Gettysburg Address, just nosotros can still make an impact when nosotros speak. For a comprehensive, step-by-step overview of how to write a voice communication outline, please see this mail.

And for a fitting decision to Lincoln'southward Gettysburg Address, enjoy this video.

Like the article? Help and spread the discussion!

123 Replies to "The Gettysburg Accost: An Analysis"

  1. I accept read that Lincoln revised the Gettysburg Address more than 60 times. Regardless of whether or not that number is true, it's obvious that he made every word pull its weight.
    Groovy postal service on this timeless oral communication.

    1. Cheers, Patricia. If you click on the first link in the post, yous will run into that, in fact, there were different versions of the speech. I am not too familiar with the history, but it is interesting. But you are right about Lincoln making every discussion count.
      Thanks!
      John

  2. Great analysis, John!

    1. Thank you, Mel!

  3. John – While president Lincoln'south command of the English linguistic communication was impeccable, information technology would seem that the historical essence of his speech was much more important. That is Garry Wills' contention in Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America (1193) — "a new nation, conceived in freedom, and defended to the suggestion that all men are created equal." Thus he relied more on the Declaration of Independence than the U.Due south. Constitution and fabricated a span with European liberalism past using Giuseppe Mazzini'southward words "the government of the people, by the people, for the people".
    Cheers, Osvaldo

    1. Osvaldo, thanks very much for the boosted historical perspective. Very interesting indeed. It is a testment to Lincoln that he was able to draw on history and alloy information technology seemlessly with the solemnity of the occasion to create such a masterpiece of a speech.
      Thank you!
      John

  4. Again, a wonderful analysis.
    Contrast is such a strong thought, and Lincoln's use of "We" does, too. A century and many score years later on, Neuharth exploited to power of that word when he gave the earth USA Today. "We" appeals to audience members, and readers.

    1. Thanks for the comment, Harry. Yous're correct – "we" makes the audience feel similar they are part of the story, part of the bulletin, office of the solution.

  5. Bang-up analysis!
    It would assist me to exercise my, written report the "state of the Nation Address: an analysis" it gave me the idea. Thank you, Sir John Zimmer. I promise that you could practise more analysis from different literature so that many students learn from y'all.

    1. Thank y'all for the comment, Lileth. I am glad that you enjoyed the analysis. If you are looking for other voice communication analyses, you might notice something useful at this link: https://mannerofspeaking.org/speech-analyses/
      Regards,
      John

      1. This should exist read and seen every day to remind America what their fathers fought for, blackness and white .

        1. Thank you for the comment, Carol.

  6. Have you got any analysis and spoken language studies of President Obama's Inaugral Address? If you oasis't I would exist so happy and grateful if you could practice one.

    1. How-do-you-do Ali. Thank you for the comment and suggestion. I have non analyzed any of Barack Obama'southward speeches, just have noted your idea and will certainly consider it for the future.

      1. John,
        President Obama began using Lincoln's Euclidean system for structuring his speeches in January, 2011, shortly after "Abraham Lincoln and the Structure of Reason" was published. We have a second book coming out analyzing numerous speeches by President Obama, demarcating them into the six elements of a Euclidean proffer. "Barack Obama, Abraham Lincoln, and the Construction of Reason", published by Savas Beatie. This book will exist out soon in eBook format.
        Dan Van Haften

        1. Thank you, Dan. I'll be sure to have a expect.
          John

  7. Thanks and so much! This really helped me with my literature homework.

    1. Glad to hear it, Jen. Thanks for the comment.

  8. There is a hidden structure to Abraham Lincoln's speeches, including the Gettysburg Address. Lincoln used the structure of ancient Euclidean propositions. These contain six distinct elements, an enunciation (with a given and sought), an exposition, a specification, a structure, a proof and a determination. This discovery is described in a volume I co-authored, "Abraham Lincoln and the Structure of Reason".

    1. Dan, thank you very much for sharing this insight with united states of america. I was completely unaware of Lincoln's fascination with Euclidean geometry. But your comment prompted me to do some digging and I came upwardly with this anecdote from Lincoln himself:

      "In the form of my police reading I constantly came upon the discussion "demonstrate". I thought at kickoff that I understood its meaning, only soon became satisfied that I did not. I said to myself, What practice I do when I demonstrate more than when I reason or testify? How does sit-in differ from any other proof?
      "I consulted Webster'south Dictionary. They told of 'certain proof,' 'proof beyond the possibility of doubt'; only I could form no idea of what sort of proof that was. I thought a great many things were proved beyond the possibility of dubiety, without recourse to any such extraordinary procedure of reasoning as I understood demonstration to be. I consulted all the dictionaries and books of reference I could discover, but with no better results. You lot might every bit well have defined blue to a blind man.
      "At last I said: Lincoln, y'all never tin make a lawyer if yous do not understand what demonstrate means; and I left my situation in Springfield, went home to my father'due south firm, and stayed there till I could give whatsoever proffer in the six books of Euclid at sight. I then constitute out what demonstrate ways, and went back to my police force studies."

      Thank you again for sharing this insight. Your volume is now on my "to read" list.
      Thanks!
      John

      1. John,
        The story near Lincoln wanting to acquire what it ways to demonstrate (and many more stories) are in our book.
        Cheers,
        Dan

        1. Hi Dan. I knew that y'all would, of grade, be familiar with the story merely establish information technology so interesting that I figured other readers would too. I am looking forward to reading your volume.
          Regards,
          John

          1. Congratulations on the book release, Dan.
            John

  9. Thanks for the assay. This helps with my oral comm speeches! 🙂

    1. Thank you for the comment, Violet. Glad the postal service helped and adept luck with your speeches!
      John

  10. While all of these assessments of Lincoln's spoken language are conspicuously proficient ones, permit me to throw a wrench in the works. Has anyone ever considered why the state was fighting against itself, and further more does anyone experience that at that place is a reflection on the word "we" in Lincoln's speech for all men. Including men and women that were bound by the institution of slavery. Lincoln was an abolitionist, and the very fact that he gave this speech on the border of slavery seems very interesting to me. "…all men are created equal", really gets my wheels spinning. You know that Frederick Douglas and Lincoln were friends, the North would not have won this battle without the use of African American men fighting in their armies.
    Would love to hear some input about my random thoughts.
    Mike

    1. Cheers for the comment, Mike.
      You raise of import issues, but ones that go well beyond the focus of this blog. I'm not quite certain I understand what yous mean by "a reflection on the word 'we' in Lincoln's speech", merely going through the speech once again, information technology seems to me that the "we" changes depending on the sentence. Sometimes "nosotros" refers to the entire country; sometimes it refers to the people who were gathered at Gettysburg; sometimes information technology refers to those finding against slavery and the South.
      I exercise know that many African Americans did fight in the war (and I recall the moving picture "Glory" was virtually the offset all-black regiment). I too know that at that place is still some debate over Lincoln'south response to the issue of emancipation, simply my knowledge of American Ceremonious State of war history is non good enough for me to express an educated stance. Others may feel free to weigh in.
      Regards,
      John

      1. For a little more data on slavery and abolition, I would similar to bespeak out that this speech and the Ceremonious War would not have been necessary if the founding fathers had not removed the abolitionism of slavery from the Declaration of Independence. Not many people know that the Announcement was delayed because certain signers would non sign until the abolition of slavery was removed from the writing. Sad, but true.

        Hope this helps a trivial,

        T. McKean

        1. How-do-you-do Terri. Thanks for sharing that chip of history. I did not that about the Annunciation of Independence. Do yous happen to know which founding fathers held out until the provision was removed?
          John

  11. Thanks John, for such a detailed analysis! It has certainly gave me a new perspective of the address, as it was indeed, very helpful in my enquiry. Simply more importantly, I have began to realize what a great influence the speech had on history. For example, earlier he gave the address people saw it as "The Us are a gratuitous goverment," but at present it is "The United States is a complimentary goverment". I'grand doing a project chosen National History Day. People from all across the country compete at different levels, nationals being in D.C. The theme for this twelvemonth is "Turning Points in History" and this is my thesis statement for my documentary. Garry Wills' Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words that Remade America has provided me with a great bargain of information and I highly recommend it you lot.
    Lawson
    P.S. Sorry for the poor structure of my comment, I'm only in 6th grade.

    1. Dear Lawson,
      Thank you very much for the thoughtful (and well structured!) annotate. It is smashing to come across immature people such every bit yourself taking an involvement in subjects such every bit Lincoln's address and the historical context in which information technology was given. It bodes well for the futurity.
      I wish you the best of success in the contest and hope that you make it to Washington, D.C.
      Cheers!
      John Zimmer

  12. Great analysis of the voice communication!

    1. Thank you.

  13. Thank you lot for such a detailed and comprehensive stylistic analysis of this speech, Mr. John. Information technology was extremely helpful, every bit I accept picked up this spoken communication equally the main chief text for a further oral activity in school. Your analysis has helped me to a keen extent; thanks over again.
    Shaiv

    1. Dear Shaiv,
      Thank you for the message. I am glad that you establish the mail service helpful and wish you all the all-time with your studies.
      Regards,
      John

    2. Cheers so soooo much for having such a detailed and good assay of this oral communication! 🙂 Information technology did assistance me with my report very well. I just wanted to tell you thank you thank you thank you!!!!!!!! You're a lifesaver! I will be looking frontwards to your reply. Give thanks y'all Cheers Thank y'all! May GOD Bless you and your Family! Thanks again!
      Dear,
      Adriana
      P.S. distressing for not having then many big advanced words I'm only in 7th grade
      Thanks again!

      1. Dear Adriana,
        You're welcome you're welcome, you're welcome! 🙂 I am glad that you found the post helpful. Thanks for stopping by to leave a annotate.
        And don't worry about not using "large advanced words". Too many people try to use too many fancy words and it merely makes their message more than hard to understand. When you write and when you speak, it is skilful to utilize a big word from fourth dimension to time; even so, for the most part, stick to the uncomplicated words. As Winston Churchill said, brusque words are the best words.
        Best of luck with your studies.
        John Zimmer

        1. Cheers so much for your reply!
          p.s. (Don't take crime of this question but curious) Do you speak Spanish? It would kinda be absurd if you did considering I do 🙂
          BTW I fabricated an A on my study thanks to you! I'll be looking fwd to your reply!
          Love,
          Adriana
          peace, Love <3, Happiness :-), plus +, Star
          Paz, Amor, Felizidad, y, estrella!!!!!

          1. Hi Adriana,
            Lo siento. No hablo muy bien espagnol. Congratulations on your report.
            Best regards,
            John Zimmer

        2. Cheers! 🙂 I'm glad you lot replied thanks again! God Anoint you and your family unit!
          love,
          Adriana
          p.south. its ok if you dont know spanish yous might on the other hand know some other language and i respect that:-)
          alright farewell!

  14. Cheers so much for this detailed analysis! I have gone through many people'south assay of The Gettysburg Accost, yet none have been as helpful. I admire how you extracted effective public speaking techniques from the interpreptations of the words in this famous speech. My english consignment seemed like a easy after reading this! Cheers over again!

    1. Thank you very much for the kind words near the mail service, Noor. I am glad that you found it helpful. Best of luck with the residue of your English, and other classes.
      John Zimmer
      PS – I've always liked the proper noun Noor. I know that it means "Light". (Atakelemu al arabiya. Qalilaan.)

  15. Mr. John I concord with all the complements people had given you. I have a quick question, do you think the thesis of this speech is the kickoff sentence?
    Thank you.
    Savi

    1. Dear Savi,
      Thanks for the comment and the kind words. You pose an interesting question.
      Because the spoken communication is and then short, every judgement has smashing significance. In the first sentence, Lincoln reminds the audition of the principles on which the United States was founded. Even so, it is the terminal sentence that is the real telephone call to action and, equally you put it, the "thesis" of the speech. That sentence — and it is a long one — is equally follows:
      "It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining earlier u.s. — that from these honored expressionless we take increased devotion to that crusade for which they gave the last full mensurate of devotion — that nosotros here highly resolve that these dead shall not take died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of liberty — and that government of the people, past the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
      Kind regards,
      John

  16. What an interesting assay on the Gettysburg Address! You seem to take taken heed to some unique points, such every bit the contrasting. and when the President says 'earth' instead of our land. In that location's definitely a lot more power and just over-all inspiring things to learn from Lincoln'southward speech now that it's been elaborated so finely.
    Similar to 1 of your reviewers, I was looking for a new way to view this accost for an English language assignment, as I was definitely looking at in blackness and white. I felt I wasn't grasping all that there was so wisely embedded into it, but I'm glad that I had establish this.
    Hopefully I can build off of your estimation and further admire the Gettysburg Address.

    1. Dear Annie,
      Thank yous for the kind comment. I am glad that you found the post useful. I take no doubt that you (and others) can find more that it proficient nigh the Gettysburg Address.
      All the best,
      John

  17. Dear John,
    Thank you lot then much for this detailed information. It really helped on my English consignment. 🙂
    Nallely

    1. Honey Nallely,
      Cheers for the annotate. I am glad that the post helped you lot with your assignment. All the all-time for the rest of the school year.
      John

  18. Great slice, John! This is very helpful. I'm a lover of great speeches!

    1. Thanks very much for the comment and as well for referencing my mail on your blog. Thank you too for introducing me to the cyclorama. I had non heard of it before and I watched a video of it on YouTube. Truly impressive!
      John

  19. Dear John,
    I just wanted to thank you for your speaking points and thoughts. Curiously plenty, I am a criminal defense attorney in Los Angeles, California. While I have employed several of the tactics and forces that you discuss in your article, I have never seen them explained so well.
    Whether to a jury, judge, or prosecutor; I endeavor to apply the methodology you describe and highlight with your eyesight. I think I just used some of your and Lincoln's method. In whatsoever case, give thanks y'all for your concise evaluation of a pretty special speech communication.
    Yours,
    Andy

    1. Andy, I very much capeesh your comments as I too am a lawyer. When I was practicing law in Canada, I plant that judges appreciated eloquence just not verbosity, passion just not theatrics. And they especially liked information technology when barristers could cutting through reams of prove and present a simple, cogent argument on the fundamental points. (They besides liked it when lawyers had a bit of a sense of humor and would show their humanity.) The best presentation skills, in my view, are even so the ones that have been handed down through the centuries.
      Thanks again and skillful luck with your cases.
      John

  20. Hi sir. I accept my oration presentation in my english class, tin can i apply gettysburg address? If so, how can i perform information technology? I mean. Is in that location a body gestures or action? Or just just standing while reciting? Thanks ahead.
    -Padate

    1. Dear Padate,
      Give thanks you lot for the questions. Assuming that for your oration presentation you tin can use a famous speech (every bit opposed to i that you write yourself) I run across know reason why you cannot use the Gettysburg Address. It is one of the most famous speeches in the English language. Exist enlightened, nonetheless, that information technology is relatively curt. I don't know if y'all have to speak for a minimum time, then have that into account.
      As for gesturing, my recommendation is to utilize gestures that feel natural to you. The speech is a very solemn ane, then you do not want to overdo it; notwithstanding, a well-time gesture, for example, with your hand or arms to emphasize a key bespeak would be effective. More than than gestures, nevertheless, it is your vocalization that will be well-nigh important for this speech. Be sure to let it rise and fall at the right times and don't forget to interruption at key moments to let the significance of the words sink in. Speak in a measured rhythm and practise not rush the speech.
      Promise this is helpful. Best of luck with information technology!
      John Zimmer

  21. I give thanks yous so much sir, God bless you lot.

  22. What do y'all retrieve the strengths of this speech are?

    1. Well, Randie, I would accept to say that the speech's strengths are its brevity, its eloquence, its universal message and its call to action.
      Cheers, for the question.
      John Zimmer

  23. Thank you very much!!
    Could you delight help me, my professor asked me to write paper about the speech communication that I have to write iii or four reasons about why this speech communication is great? With testify from speech communication. 🙁

    1. Dear Abu Khalid,
      Unfortunately, I cannot write the newspaper for you lot. You will have to remember near the voice communication and come with the reasons on your ain. Yous already accept the post that I wrote. I recommend that you also Google other blogs that take analyzed the Gettysburg Address.
      Good luck.

      1. I actually appreciate your comment!
        However, I did non hateful write instead of me, only help me with ideas, merely I saw the link that you sent information technology and I wrote newspaper could I send it to your emil and give me your advice and tell me if I have wrong ideas?
        Cheers then much!

        1. I appreciate your confidence in me, but I have to decline. I am extremely decorated at the moment, only more than fundamentally, it would not exist appropriate for me to direct y'all in your schoolwork without knowing the curriculum or the focus of your instructor. I suggest that you ask your instructor to look at your typhoon and give preliminary feedback. Alternatively, you lot could ask one of your classmates.
          I wish you success with it.
          John

  24. thank you a lot for the dandy assist you provided by posting this great analysis.After going through your assay,I take begun to appreciate this speech even more than than before.I desperately need your help,sir.I am a student of 9th standard and am participating in an inter school elocution competition.nosotros are required to recite an actual speech by a historical character in just 2 minutes.I idea for going for this spoken communication but wonder if it would be the correct option.Also,I am confused so equally to how to introduce myself to the audience because a regular introduction is a bore and common ane.Delight help me sir,i am very confused,the competition is on the mean solar day after tomorrow.

    1. Dear Aditi,
      Thanks for the comment. I am glad that you enjoyed the post.
      Now, as for your contest, a few things:
      ane. Take a deep breath and relax. Go along the contest in perspective. Yeah, information technology is exciting and nerve-wracking – I competed in a speech contest only yesterday, so I know how it feels. But you need to focus the nervous free energy constructively and non let information technology overwhelm you.
      2. The Gettysburg Address is a perfect spoken communication for two minutes.
      three. Usually in a contest, you lot do not have to innovate yourself. The Contest Chair does that. He or she should telephone call you to the stage when information technology is your turn. If y'all must introduce yourself, but say something like "My name is *** and I have called to recite i of the most of import speeches in history, The Gettysburg Address (bold y'all cull this spoken language).
      iv. Warm up before you speak. Find a placidity place and stretch your arms and neck and shoulders. Swing your artillery to get the claret flowing. Practice your voice. Drink only warm liquids or room temperature liquids. No fizzy drinks.
      five. Speak slowly and with conviction. Put some emotion into it. Remember how important this speech was and why Lincoln gave it. Information technology is your job to share it with the audience.
      6. Pause after key sentences in the spoken language.
      7. Smile when you are washed. Don't forget to milk shake the manus of the Contest Chair.
      I hope that these tips help. Good luck with information technology and accept fun. Information technology is a privilege to be able to share a message with an audience.
      John Zimmer

    2. An thought. Represent yourself every bit a REPORTER OF THE DAY'S Outcome, GATHERING, AND THEN READ THE Speech communication. Sorry, the cap lock was on.

      1. That's a very good thought, Andy. Thank you for sharing it.
        Aditi, you said yous simply had two minutes to recite the speech and the Gettysburg Address should take about that much time. (Yous don't want to rush through it.) But if y'all have a scrap of extra time, Andy's idea is a clever one.
        John

        1. cheers so much,sir.Y'all have helped me very much.I am very grateful to you as well,Andy for yous cared to assist me.Still quite nervous and hope I do well.Anyway,thanks a lot.

          1. Glad to hear it, Aditi. Best of luck! Call back, treat it as a learning experience and have fun. Allow us know how you practice.

  25. Thanks then much. My AP English Language and Composition teacher gave us this spoken communication for homework and told us to analyze and have notes. This assay of the spoken language has been very very helpful. Thanks so much!!

    1. Yous are welcome. Glad you establish the post useful.

  26. wonderful. deeply analysed

    1. Many thanks.

  27. Hullo, I still cannot understand why Abraham Lincoln uses the word "dedicate" 6 fourth dimension in this short oral communication. Do have an idea?
    Thanks

    1. Howdy Milotas.

      I take two ideas. Start, repetition of a key give-and-take in a spoken language is tried and true rhetorical device that lends emphasis and ability to the words. 2nd, inherent in the word "dedicate" is the notion that we are doing something for someone (or something) else. In the context of Lincoln'south speech, there was a dedication those who had thus far died in the civil war, but there was also the notion that Lincoln wanted the people to dedicate themselves to the task of edifice their nation and staying truthful to the principles upon which information technology was founded.

  28. Would y'all say Lincoln's speech worked and who would you is the "audition" he is giving this speech to? I would really appreciate your input and also what do you think he wanted "them" to do?

    1. Hullo Daniela,

      I do recollect that Lincoln'southward speech worked. The fact that information technology is all the same so well known today is but 1 indicator. I believe that he had 3 audiences in mind: the first, of class, was the people who were assembled in Gettysburg that day; the 2d audience was the wider American population at the time who would hear about or read about the address; and the tertiary was for future generations. I do retrieve that Lincoln had the foresight to leave a bulletin that would resonate for generations.

      Every bit for what he wanted the people to do, well, first of all there was a civil war that had to be won. Still, beyond that, in that location was the however (and always) unfinished business organisation of building a nation based on the principles upon which it was founded.

  29. Would yous say that his speech was short, but of import and the other guy who spoke for two hours wasn't of import? What was that guy's name as well?

    1. Hi, Yevgeniy. Thanks for the questions.

      The other beau to whom you refer was Edward Everett. I compared his speech to Lincoln's in this post from 2009. I don't doubt that Everett'southward spoken language was important and that he had practiced things to say. But it went on for two hours! I am certain that much of the practiced stuff was lost amongst text that could have been cutting. Indeed, soon later the outcome, Everett wrote to Lincoln and said, "I should be glad, if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the key thought of the occasion, in two hours, as y'all did in ii minutes."

      The lesson in all of this is to be rigorous, if not ruthless, when it comes to speech-arts and crafts. Focus on the message and manipulate with annihilation that detracts from information technology. And nobody ever complained nigh a spoken communication existence under fourth dimension!

  30. John,

    I note that in the audio recital of the oral communication on this site, the speaker has added an "and" that is not in the text. It appears in the phrase "by the people (and) for the people…". I merely noticed this because, as an do, I have been trying to commit the speech to retentiveness. It is without doubt one of the classic utterances of all time. Practise you call back that it was written primarily to exist spoken or mostly with an middle to it beingness read? Given that Lincoln would have known that his short dedication spoken communication would follow the lengthy oration by Edward Everett, I think it was generally written to be read. (I can just have sympathy for the audience having to sit or stand through Everett's ii hour oration) Also it seems to me in that location is another subtle triple repetition that occurs in the passage "It is for us the living … final full mensurate of devotion." In this role, Lincoln invokes the obligation of the living to the dead three times in unlike means. If it'due south worth maxim, it's worth saying information technology three times!

    Finally, imitation is the sincerest form of flattery. The following sentence comes from the reported sentencing speech past the estimate in the shoe bomber case (Jan 2003). The judge said "The globe is not going to long recollect what you or I say here. The 24-hour interval after tomorrow, information technology will be forgotten, just this [our liberty in the United states], nonetheless, volition long suffer." In the same remarks, there is a further homage to a later president's inaugural speech, which I exit for the curious find.

    1. Dear Nigel,

      Thank you for the message. I appreciate your taking the time to write.

      As to your question, I cannot say for sure, but knowing what an astute guy Lincoln was, it wouldn't surprise me if he wrote information technology both to be heard and read. I had non noticed the extra "and" slipped in the audio. Skilful catch! The "and" weakens the sentence. Without it, we have the rhetorical device, polysyndeton, which is very powerful when used properly (as Lincoln did).

      Cheers, also, for the reference to the Unabomber sentencing. I did not know that! Very interesting. Indeed, some things never go out of style.

  31. Prove that the Gettysburg address as a piece of literature.

    1. Thanks for the comment, Moshiur. I am not sure what you lot are asking. The Gettysburg Address is certainly a great speech. Whether it qualifies is literature is open up to contend; however, it is unquestionably an eloquent and inspiring piece of writing.

      1. Honey John,

        You are to be congratulated for your measured response. My draft included a "candidature for caricature in literature causing discomfiture" rhyming device. Taking a quick look at both mod and primitive definitions, I call back the Gettysburg Address does, probably clearly and then, authorize as literature. Brevity can exist the soul of both wit and literature. Especially, when it is written in granite. That suggests an indelible tome. You are a gentleman and, obviously, a very proficient and patient instructor. Nice to run across some of your writing, again. Fifty-fifty when information technology comes from being asked to prove that which you had not even raised.

        Best,

        Andy. That attorney out Due west.

        1. Hi Andy,

          Cheers for the comment. I admire your abilities as a wordsmith. And, I take your indicate virtually the Gettysburg Address qualifying as literature. If a poem of a few stanzas tin can authorize as literature, I see no reason why an eloquent spoken language cannot so qualify every bit well.

    2. If anyone were to give that speech today, they probably would be accused of "inciting the people to rebel against what is "now here". History has it that Lincoln did not go further than the 2nd course in schoolhouse; then what does that say about the billions nosotros spend on instruction today, when probably none could write a meliorate voice communication?

      1. It's an interesting thought, Mary. Cheers for the comment.

  32. Extremely useful, John! I especially like the colour-coded phrases, which make the betoken y'all're discussing spring from the screen!
    (Your readers here might also like this analysis of a TEDx talk on body language, which I published recently.)

  33. Thanks for such a detailed and comprehensive stylistic analysis of this speech, Mr. John. It was extremely helpful, as I have picked up this speech as the main master text for a further oral activity in school. Your analysis has helped me to a great extent; thank you over again.

    1. Thank you for the comment. I am glad that y'all found the mail service useful. Adept luck with your classes!

    2. what does of the people, past the people, for the people mean in the gettysburg address
      distressing i volition not give my real proper name or electronic mail
      this is for John Zimmer

      1. Thank you for the question and no problem about remaining anonymous.

        "Of the people" means that the regime is made upwardly of people from the country. Americans choose their representatives from among themselves. "By the people" means that it is the American people themselves who choose their regime. "For the people" means that it is the job of the government to govern in the best interests of the people.

        I hope this helps.

  34. You have fabricated some good points.

    1. Thank you.

  35. Great analysis!

    1. Cheers.

  36. That's great and useful. Information technology helps me a lot to pass my translation test. Thanks.

    1. Glad it was helpful.

  37. John do you know when you wrote this blog because I need it to cite your blog. Thank you.
    P.Due south. VERY useful info, thanks.

    1. Cheers for the comment. Glad you found the information useful. I wrote the post on 19 November 2010. You can find the date for any mail service that I wrote by clicking on the URL. WordPress always has the engagement of publication in the full URL. Thanks!

      1. Thanks for your assay of Lincoln voice communication. It was extremely helpful for me to do my course work.

        1. Glad to hear it. Cheers for letting me know.

  38. Thank you lot so much for the analysis, John. It really helped me for my semester.

    1. Give thanks yous for the comment. I am glad that yous found the post helpful.

  39. cheers so much for this analysis, it really helps me with my paper

    1. Thanks, Mohamed. Glad you found information technology helpful.

  40. This has been very helpful. On it'due south anniversary I'yard planning on releasing a series of memes based on the Gettysburg Address that volition hopefully symbolize and analogize our electric current political surround and I believe this analysis will assistance me greatly with both the diction and the imagery. Thank you.

    1. Cheers for the comment. I'm glad you lot establish the post helpful. Skilful luck with your project. Please come back and get out another comment with the link so that readers and I can bank check information technology out.

  41. Hello Dan!

    When information technology comes to passing the time at that place'due south goose egg quite similar reading a wonderfully written analysis on one of my favourite historical speeches of all fourth dimension. I accept to say I'chiliad actually really thankful for this, it's simply so interesting and not simply the article itself. I've been reading through the comments and I've actually learnt quite a bit more nigh this speech and it's historical significance from all of the analysis readers equally well as y'all, Mr. Zimmer.

    Who'd take known that history and literature could be so interesting? I'll also be checking out that volume mentioned in the comments. Sounds like a worthy read. Plus all these helpful points on presenting speeches will definitely come in handy down the road. xD Thank you for all the information!

    This is why I dearest checking the comment sections of articles with interesting topics. Hm, I feel like I've been using the word 'interesting' a lot. What'due south a synonym for that? Intriguing, possibly? Well, anyhow… Well done, sir! Great task! I've never been so glad to have decided to procrastinate my studies and search the web for historical spoken communication articles for no reason! It was worth the lost fourth dimension. xD

    From Sasha, the Procrastination Queen aka the Terrible 11th Grader Who Needs To Get To Piece of work Right Abroad!

    P.S. I love your website'southward layout! xD

    1. Hi Sasha. Thanks for the slap-up annotate. I love the stream-of-consciousness menstruation to it and I am glad that you establish the post helpful. I agree with y'all about finding interesting ideas and data in the comments. That's one of the things that I bask most writing and reading blogs.

      Good luck with your studies and recall to give them at least equal time with this web log! 😉

    1. Thank you so much, Rashid. The mail on the Gettysburg Address, which I wrote years ago, is still my No. one performing post in terms of hits. On an average calendar week, information technology will exist No. 1 four or five days out of seven. I ofttimes get messages from students in high school and college saying how it helped them with an consignment.

      I will read your postal service with interest. I take seen the montage of different speakers before. It's a shame that Bill O'Reilly is there! But information technology is very good. Every bit for the memory palace, we should talk about memory techniques some time. I have been using one for years to call back lists but also to think parts of a speech communication.

      1. Thanks John. Interesting to note that this is your most pop mail. But not surprising. Again, your assay is superb, your articulation outstanding.

        Will be happy to talk about memory techniques some time. Please experience free to suggest options and dates/times.
        Side note. I have a 45 minutes (private) video of an instruction session where I got the whole audience to memorize the oral communication. Even though I had to demand a lot from my audience, the talk was generally well received.

        It is a very poor quality video (made simply for my review), but if you like, I can try to go it to you via Dropbox or Google drive, or a individual YT link etc.

        Information technology is a very powerful technique just information technology sure makes you work hard :-).

        The technique had been used for ~2K years by orators–so it apparently works.

        Proficient luck! Proceed upwardly your splendid work.

        1. Cheers, Rashid. I'd exist interested in watching the video when I have some time.

          If it is less than 2GB, you can send it to me for gratis using We Transfer (world wide web.wetransfer.com). Just upload the file and send it to john.s.zimmer@gmail.com. I use We Transfer all the time.

          And yes, when my schedule eases upwards, I will look into possible dates to speak about retentivity techniques.

  43. john i beloved you lot

    1. Well, I appreciate information technology.

  44. This analysis is so skilful! this is definitely helping me study for future exams.

    1. Glad y'all found the article helpful, Elijah. Good luck with your exams.

  45. thanks for that

    1. Cheers.

  46. This is a very good analysis. I also like how you nevertheless answer 10 years subsequently.

    1. Thank you, Dan. I have been so busy with work of tardily that I have not been on the blog that much. This will alter and aye, I will always respond to people who take the time to annotate.

  47. Thanks John Zimmmmer!!!! very cool

    1. Thanks, Benson (including the actress "mm".

hallervatint.blogspot.com

Source: https://mannerofspeaking.org/2010/11/19/the-gettysburg-address-an-analysis/

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